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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
08:02

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Published on: April 25, 2016

17alpha-ethyl-5beta-estrane-3alpha, 17beta-diol, a biological marker for the abuse of norethandrolone and

M Van Puymbroeck1, M E Kuilman, R F Maas

  • 1Dr. L. Willems-Instituut, Department of Drug and Residue Analysis, Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Diepenbeek, Belgium.

Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications
|July 16, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ethylestrenol (EES) and norethandrolone (NE) are illegal growth promoters. Their major metabolite, 17alpha-ethyl-5beta-estrane-3alpha, 17beta-diol (EED), can be detected in urine and feces, serving as a reliable biomarker for illegal use.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary pharmacology
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Food safety

Background:

  • Ethylestrenol (EES) and norethandrolone (NE) are anabolic steroids misused as illegal growth promoters in livestock.
  • Understanding their metabolism is crucial for developing effective detection methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the metabolic fate of ethylestrenol (EES) in bovine liver.
  • To identify reliable biomarkers for the illegal administration of EES and NE in cattle.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro incubations of EES with bovine microsomal preparations.
  • In vitro incubations of NE with bovine hepatocytes.
  • In vivo administration studies and metabolite analysis in excreta.

Main Results:

  • EES is extensively metabolized to norethandrolone (NE).
  • NE is rapidly reduced to 17alpha-ethyl-5beta-estrane-3alpha, 17beta-diol (EED).
  • EED is the major excreted metabolite of both EES and NE in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • 17alpha-ethyl-5beta-estrane-3alpha, 17beta-diol (EED) is a suitable biomarker for detecting the illegal use of EES and NE.
  • Monitoring EED prolongs the detection window for NE abuse.
  • Confirmed by real-world cases of NE abuse detection.