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Updated: Apr 12, 2026

Extracellularly Identifying Motor Neurons for a Muscle Motor Pool in Aplysia californica
Published on: March 25, 2013
Substance P-immunoreactive boutons closely appose inspiratory protruder hypoglossal motoneurons in the cat
P J Gatti1, I J Llewellyn-Smith, Q J Sun
1Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, 520 W St., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA. pgatti@howard.edu
Abstract:
In anesthetized cats, we recorded intracellularly from 26 hypoglossal motoneurons which were antidromically activated following electrical stimulation of either the medial or lateral branches of the hypoglossal nerve. Twenty-one of these neurons were protruder motoneurons 6 of which had inspiratory activity. Three of the protruder motoneurons with inspiratory activity were filled with Neurobiotin and found to be closely apposed to substance P-like immunoreactive nerve terminals.
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