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Mechanisms for regulating electron transfer in multi-centre redox proteins.

R E Sharp1, S K Chapman

  • 1Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|July 17, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Nature employs sophisticated mechanisms to regulate protein-mediated electron transfer. This review explores how multi-centre redox proteins control electron flow through thermodynamic, gating, and dynamic strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioenergetics

Background:

  • Protein-mediated electron transfer is vital in biological systems.
  • Multi-centre redox proteins, with complex structures and cofactors, facilitate these transfers.
  • Understanding electron transfer regulation in these proteins is challenging due to coupled processes like proton transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate nature's diverse strategies for controlling electron transfer in multi-centre redox proteins.
  • To highlight subtle and elegant regulatory mechanisms.
  • To provide examples of different control approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and structural data.
  • Analysis of specific multi-centre redox protein systems.

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  • Focus on molecular-level understanding of electron transfer events.

    • Main Results:

    • Flavocytochromes and P450 BM3 utilize thermodynamic control.
    • Neuronal nitric oxide synthase shows calmodulin-binding-dependent control.
    • Nitrogenase and cytochrome cd(1) exhibit gating mechanisms (ATP hydrolysis and conformational, respectively).
    • Cytochrome bc(1) complex regulation involves protein dynamics.
    • Cytochrome c oxidase couples electron transfer to proton transfer.

    Conclusions:

    • Multi-centre redox proteins utilize diverse and intricate mechanisms to regulate electron transfer.
    • These mechanisms include thermodynamic control, gating, protein dynamics, and coupling to other processes.
    • Understanding these regulatory strategies provides insight into fundamental biological processes.