[Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism (iodine-induced Basedow's disease): a current disease picture]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Internal Medicine

Context:

• Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis, or Jodbasedow phenomenon, arises from excessive iodine intake.
• Common sources include iodinated radiocontrast agents and amiodarone, especially in elderly patients with goiters.

Purpose:

• To determine the incidence of iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis in a large urban hospital.
• To analyze the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition.

Summary:

• Over 18 months, 39 patients were diagnosed with thyrotoxicosis; 8 (20%) had iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis.
• Patients experienced excess iodine exposure (radiocontrast agents, amiodarone, kelp) 2-16 weeks prior.
• Clinical signs included tachyarrhythmias and heart failure; goiter was common. Diagnosis was confirmed by urinary iodine and low thyroid uptake.
• Treatment involved methimazole, beta-blockers, lithium, and prednisone, with patients achieving euthyroid status within weeks.

Impact:

• Highlights iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis as a significant clinical issue, particularly in vulnerable populations.
• Emphasizes the importance of recognizing and treating iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis for improved patient outcomes.