[Recent advancement of the treatment of urological malignancies]

The treatment strategies for urological malignancies including prostate cancer, urotherial cancers, renal cell cancer and testicular cancer, have shown steady improvements over the past 25 years. These improvements have been greatly enhanced by progress in basic medicine. Not only improvements in surgical techniques but improvements in the fields of cancer chemotherapy, immunology, and diagnostic methods have contributed to the development of modern clinical medicine. On the other hand, it is true that the treatment outcome by cancer stage has not improved as much as expected. In next 25 years, cancer treatment strategies will be established on the basis of patient-oriented or disease-oriented treatment plans, making full use of newly developed treatment modalities, and giving consideration to improving the QOL of patients.