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Related Experiment Videos

The 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: functions and physiological effects.

Z Krozowski1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Hypertension, Baker Medical Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia. zygmunt.krozowski@baker.edu.au

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|July 20, 1999
PubMed
Summary

The 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) enzymes regulate glucocorticoid activity. 11beta-HSD1 activates glucocorticoids, while 11beta-HSD2 inactivates them, impacting hypertension and fetal development.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) enzymes interconvert active and inactive glucocorticoids.
  • Two main isoforms, 11beta-HSD1 and 11beta-HSD2, have distinct tissue distributions and functions.
  • These enzymes are crucial for maintaining hormonal balance and receptor specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in the understanding of 11beta-HSD enzyme functions and roles.
  • To highlight the significance of 11beta-HSD2 in mineralocorticoid receptor protection and its implications in hypertension.
  • To discuss the involvement of 11beta-HSD2 in placental function, fetal growth, and other physiological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and isolation of 11beta-HSD congeners.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of conserved domains using multiple alignment and hydrophobic cluster analysis.
  • Review of gene deletion studies and clinical observations related to enzyme mutations.

    • Main Results:

    • 11beta-HSD1 acts as an oxoreductase, primarily in the liver, to maintain circulating glucocorticoid levels.
    • 11beta-HSD2 inactivates glucocorticoids in the distal tubule, protecting the mineralocorticoid receptor.
    • Mutations in 11beta-HSD2 cause apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome and hypertension; reduced placental activity is linked to intrauterine growth retardation.

    Conclusions:

    • 11beta-HSD enzymes play critical roles in regulating glucocorticoid action and mineralocorticoid receptor specificity.
    • Dysfunction of 11beta-HSD2 is implicated in severe hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation.
    • Further research into 11beta-HSD2's roles in pulmonary physiology and breast cancer is warranted.