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Related Experiment Videos

Decrease and structural modifications of phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen in the brain with Alzheimer disease.

Z Guan1, Y Wang, N J Cairns

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
|July 20, 1999
PubMed
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Alzheimer disease (AD) brains show altered phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen, with reduced polyunsaturated fatty acids. These changes suggest free radical involvement in AD pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Lipidomics

Background:

  • Lipid modifications, potentially linked to oxidative stress, are observed in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains.
  • Investigating these lipid changes is crucial for understanding AD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze phospholipid and ether subclass modifications in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and white matter of AD brains.
  • To determine the role of oxidative stress in observed lipid alterations.

Main Methods:

  • High-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography were used for lipid analysis.
  • Quantitative analysis of total phospholipids and specific subclasses, including plasmalogens.
  • Fatty acid and aldehyde pattern analysis of modified lipids.

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Main Results:

  • A ~20% decrease in total phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus.
  • Selective reduction of phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen content.
  • Significant decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid in phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen.
  • Shift in aldehyde pattern (18:1 to 18:0) in phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen.
  • No significant lipid changes were observed in the white matter.

Conclusions:

  • Specific lipid modifications in AD brains, especially in phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen, indicate free radical damage.
  • The findings strongly support the involvement of free radicals in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.