The flow rate and composition of human labial gland saliva

Since the flow rate of saliva from human labial salivary glands has usually been measured as the secretion from an area of labial mucosa as 0.05-4.8 microl/cm2/min. The only data for single glands gives a comparable figure of 0.1 microl/min/gland. There is no consensus on the effects of gustatory stimulation, gender or ageing, although most reports suggest that flow rate is not related to gender and ageing up to age 60. The main differences in composition between labial gland saliva and that from the major glands are the higher and variable sodium concentration, the very low phosphate and hydrogen carbonate concentrations, and the higher protein concentration despite low concentrations of amylase. The concentrations of IgA and blood group substances are notably higher in labial gland saliva. In Sjogren's syndrome and cystic fibrosis flow rates are decreased. Low rates of flow have been associated with a higher incidence of dental caries.