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Evolutionary genomics of vertebrates and its implications.

G D'Onofrio1, K Jabbari, H Musto

  • 1Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut Jacques Monod 2, Paris, France. donofrio@alpha.szn.it

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|July 23, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Vertebrate genomes are mosaics of DNA segments called isochores, with gene density correlating to GC levels. Natural selection likely drove the GC-rich isochore transition in warm-blooded vertebrates.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Vertebrate genomes are composed of isochores, long DNA segments with homogeneous base composition.
  • Isochores exist in families with varying GC (guanine-cytosine) levels.
  • Gene density is non-uniformly distributed across vertebrate genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between isochore composition and gene density in vertebrates.
  • To understand the evolutionary transition in GC levels between cold- and warm-blooded vertebrates.
  • To explore the role of natural selection in shaping genome composition and gene distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of DNA base composition (GC levels) across vertebrate genomes.
  • Mapping gene distribution relative to isochore families.

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  • Comparative analysis of genomic features between cold- and warm-blooded vertebrates.

    • Main Results:

    • Gene density significantly increases with higher GC levels in vertebrate genomes.
    • Warm-blooded vertebrates exhibit a compositional transition towards GC-rich isochores compared to cold-blooded vertebrates.
    • GC-richest and gene-richest isochores show a marked increase in GC levels from cold- to warm-blooded species.

    Conclusions:

    • The non-uniform gene distribution is strongly linked to GC-rich isochores.
    • A significant compositional transition in GC levels occurred during the evolution of warm-blooded vertebrates.
    • Natural selection is proposed as the driving force maintaining this compositional heterogeneity and transition.