Helicobacter pylori cadA encodes an essential Cd(II)-Zn(II)-Co(II) resistance factor influencing urease activity

Inactivation of Helicobacter pylori cadA, encoding a putative transition metal ATPase, was only possible in one of four natural competent H. pylori strains, designated 69A. All tested cadA mutants showed increased growth sensitivity to Cd(II) and Zn(II). In addition, some of them showed both reduced 63Ni accumulation during growth and no or impaired urease activity, which was not due to lack of urease enzyme subunits. Gene complementation experiments with plasmid (pY178)-derived H. pylori cadA failed to correct the deficiencies, whereas resistance to Cd(II) and Zn(II) was restored. Moreover, pY178 conferred increased Co(II) resistance to both the cadA mutants and the wild-type strain 69A. Heterologous expression of H. pylori cadA in an Escherichia coli zntA mutant resulted in an elevated resistance to Cd(II) and Zn(II). Expression of cadA in E. coli SE5000 harbouring H. pylori nixA, which encodes a divalent cation importer along with the H. pylori urease gene cluster, led to about a threefold increase in urease activity compared with E. coli control cells lacking the H. pylori cadA gene. These results suggest that H. pylori CadA is an essential resistance pump with ion specificity towards Cd(II), Zn(II) and Co(II). They also point to a possible role of H. pylori CadA in high-level activity of H. pylori urease, an enzyme sensitive to a variety of metal ions.