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Updated: Oct 12, 2026

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production
Published on: June 15, 2014
[Nutrition of horses: digestion, energy and protein evaluation and nutritional standards]
A T van 't Klooster1, J M Hallebeek, A C Beynen
1Hoofdafdeling Gezondheidszorg Paard, Afdeling Voeding, Faculteit der Diergeneeskunde, Universiteit Utrecht.
Abstract:
The diet of horses should cover the energy and nutrient requirements of these animals. The desired composition of the ration depends on its digestion in the equine gastrointestinal tract. Nutritional problems or diseases caused by incorrect composition of the ration or by incorrect feeding should be prevented. The digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract is described. In addition, the recently introduced net energy and digestible protein evaluation systems for feeds, and the energy and protein requirements of horses are presented.
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