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Chemokine receptor expression by human intestinal epithelial cells
M B Dwinell1, L Eckmann, J D Leopard
1Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Gastroenterology
|July 27, 1999
Summary
Human colon epithelial cells express chemokine receptors, including CXCR4 and CCR5. These receptors allow colonocytes to respond to chemokines, influencing intestinal inflammation.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Intestinal epithelial cells produce chemokines that signal immune cells.
- The role of chemokines in signaling to epithelial cells remained unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate chemokine receptor expression on human colon epithelial cells.
- To determine if chemokines can signal to intestinal epithelial cells.
Main Methods:
- Assessed chemokine receptor mRNA in human colon cell lines using RT-PCR.
- Determined receptor expression on cells in vitro (flow cytometry) and in vivo (immunostaining).
- Measured IL-8 and GROalpha secretion via ELISA.
Main Results:
- Colon epithelial cells expressed mRNAs for CCR1-8 and CXCR4, with abundant CXCR4 and CCR5 on cell surfaces.
- CXCR4 and CCR5 were localized apically and basolaterally on human enterocytes.
- Stimulation with chemokine ligands (SDF-1alpha, MIP-1alpha/beta) upregulated IL-8 and GROalpha production.
Conclusions:
- Human colon epithelial cells express functional chemokine receptors.
- Colonocytes can be targets of chemokine signaling, impacting intestinal inflammation.
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