Canine model of ventricular fibrillation using programmed stimuli and localized myocardial warming or cooling

The purpose of this study was to establish an animal model in which ventricular fibrillation (VF) can be induced reproducibly and defibrillation can be accomplished repeatedly. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was cannulated and perfused with blood from the carotid artery in eleven open-chest dogs. Electrodes of the internal defibrillator were inserted in the cavities of the left atrium and left ventricle via incisions in the left atrial appendage and left ventricular apex. The perfused blood temperature was modulated to produce regional myocardial warming (42 degrees C) or cooling (28 degrees C). In all dogs, VF was repeatedly induced by the combination of warming and left ventricular extrastimuli and by the combination of cooling and right ventricular extrastimuli. The VF was quickly defibrillated by use of the internal defibrillator. The mechanism of VF was found to be reentry by the analysis of activation sequences. This VF model may be useful when evaluating the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs because of the high reproducibility.