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[Psoriasis. Pathogenesis].

N Ortonne1, J P Ortonne

  • 1Service d'Anatomo-Pathologique, Pr. Janin, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris. ortonne@unice.fr

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|July 27, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Psoriasis is a multifactorial inflammatory skin condition with both genetic and environmental causes. Understanding these factors is key to managing this chronic autoimmune disease.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte homeostasis, including hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation.
  • It involves immune system activation and is considered a prototype of multifactorial conditions with both hereditary and environmental influences.
  • Two main types exist: familial psoriasis, appearing early in life and linked to specific major histocompatibility complex molecules (e.g., CW6, DR7, B1, B57), and sporadic non-familial psoriasis, developing later.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the multifactorial origins of psoriasis, encompassing genetic predispositions and environmental triggers.
  • To explore the roles of keratinocytes and the immune system, particularly T lymphocytes, in psoriasis pathogenesis.
  • To identify key triggering and aggravating factors contributing to the development and exacerbation of psoriasis.

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Summary:

  • Psoriasis pathogenesis involves complex interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors.
  • Identified triggers include bacterial (e.g., streptococci) and viral (e.g., HIV) infections, certain drugs, stress, psychoaffective factors, alcoholism, and smoking.
  • Leading theories suggest either a keratinocytic origin, where activated epidermal cells drive inflammation, or an autoimmune basis involving T lymphocytes.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of psoriasis etiology, integrating genetic, environmental, and immunological aspects.
  • Highlights the significance of understanding multifactorial origins for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
  • Emphasizes the need for further research into the interplay of keratinocytes and immune cells in psoriasis management.