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Updated: Oct 19, 2026

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
Published on: November 11, 2016
[The biological clock in mammals: structure and function]
1Zakład Fizjologii Zwierzat, Uniwersytet Jagielloński.
Abstract:
The mammalian circadian timing system has three principal components: entrainment pathways, pacemakers and efferent pathways that couple the pacemaker to effector systems which exhibit temporal organization for physiological processes and behaviour. Light is the primary circadian Zeitgeber and the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) functions as the major pacemaker in the mammalian circadian timing system. A number of investigators have focused attention on the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and the geniculohypothalamic tract (GHT) that mediate the effects of nonphotic stimuli on SCN activity and how these pathways interact with photic information being transmitted to the SCN.
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