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Framing effects in choices between multioutcome life-expectancy lotteries
L M Bernstein1, G B Chapman, A S Elstein
1Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
Summary
Framing effects in clinical decisions can be reduced by presenting both gain and loss perspectives. Showing integrated and segregated drug effects before a choice helps debias decision-making.
Area of Science:
- Decision Science
- Clinical Psychology
- Behavioral Economics
Background:
- Framing effects, where presentation format influences choices, are prevalent in clinical decision-making.
- Understanding these effects is crucial for accurate patient and clinician choices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate framing (editing) effects in clinical scenarios involving life-expectancy lotteries.
- To explore a method for debiasing these framing effects.
Main Methods:
- A between-subjects design compared segregated and integrated editing of drug effects in life-expectancy lotteries.
- Dual framing, presenting both editing types before choice, was tested as a debiasing method.
Main Results:
- Significant preference reversals occurred when framing shifted outcomes between gain and loss domains.
- No framing effect was observed when all outcomes were in the gain domain.
- Dual framing sometimes reduced or eliminated framing effects.
Conclusions:
- Results support prospect theory's concepts of reference-dependent outcomes and s-shaped utility.
- Presenting multiple frames of a clinical situation can inform decision-makers and mitigate framing effects.
- The study questions the notion of "true preferences" given presentation-dependent choices.
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