In vivo microdialysis sampling: theory and applications

During the last two decades, a number of methods have been developed for in vivo collection, separation and characterization of biological samples and analytes. The capability and reliability of the microdialysis technique for measuring endogenous substances (such as neurotransmitters and their metabolites) as well as exogenous therapeutic agents in various tissue systems have brought it to the forefront of the in vivo tissue sampling methods. The usability of this technique is demonstrated by its application as reported in almost 3600 scientific papers (as of January 1998). This paper describes the general aspects and various applications of this fast growing technique. Emphasis has been given to analytical considerations with regards to microdialysis probe recovery and newer HPLC techniques.