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Related Experiment Videos

[Trismus and tetanus vaccine].

C Mayaud1, E Loupi, O Charara

  • 1Service de pédiatrie, hôpital André-Mignot, Le Chesnay, France.

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|August 3, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Trismus, a rare side effect of tetanus immunization, can cause severe jaw spasms. While typically resolving favorably, awareness of this adverse event is crucial for physicians.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Tetanus immunization is standard, generally well-tolerated, with common side effects including fever and local reactions.
  • This report details a rare adverse event associated with tetanus vaccination.

Observation:

  • A 12-year-old boy experienced severe trismus (jaw muscle spasm) 22 hours post-tetanus polio vaccine booster.
  • Symptoms included difficulty speaking and eating, moderate fever, and lower limb hypertonia.
  • Trismus resolved rapidly after intravenous diazepam administration.

Findings:

  • Trismus following tetanus toxoid immunization is rare, with 13 reported events in 12 years across millions of distributed vaccine doses.
  • Adverse events appear more common in adults after booster doses, with symptom onset ranging from hours to 15 days.

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  • All reported cases, including this one, had a favorable outcome.

    • Implications:

    • Physicians should be aware of trismus as a potential, albeit rare, adverse event following tetanus immunization.
    • The exact mechanism remains unexplained, highlighting the need for continued vigilance and reporting.
    • This emphasizes the importance of monitoring vaccine safety and reporting unusual side effects.