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Type 2 diabetes: an overview.

H E Lebovitz1

  • 1SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Box 1205, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. hlebovitz@IBM.net

Clinical Chemistry
|August 3, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2 diabetes involves genetic and environmental factors, leading to hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance, often linked to obesity. Effective management requires controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is a complex, heterogeneous metabolic disorder influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
  • Etiological theories include the 'thrifty genotype' hypothesis and the metabolic response to fetal malnutrition.
  • Hyperglycemia stems from absolute or relative insulin deficiency, frequently due to insulin resistance, with central obesity being a primary contributor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifactorial etiology of Type 2 diabetes.
  • To describe the metabolic abnormalities associated with insulin resistance.
  • To outline evidence-based treatment targets for reducing diabetes complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of etiological theories for Type 2 diabetes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of the relationship between insulin resistance, central obesity, and associated metabolic conditions.
  • Examination of clinical intervention study outcomes for managing hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

    • Main Results:

    • Insulin resistance, commonly caused by central obesity, is linked to glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and increased macrovascular disease.
    • Achieving specific targets (hemoglobin A1c <7.0%, blood pressure ≤130/80 mmHg, LDL-cholesterol ≤2.6 mmol/L) is crucial for reducing microvascular and macrovascular complications.
    • Oral antihyperglycemic agents offer various mechanisms to improve glycemic control.

    Conclusions:

    • Type 2 diabetes management necessitates a stepwise, combination approach, often involving oral agents and insulin, to achieve long-term glycemic control.
    • Addressing hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is essential for preventing diabetes-related complications.
    • Understanding the interplay of genetics, environment, and metabolic factors is key to managing this chronic condition.