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Bivalent cholera and typhoid vaccine.

R H Foster1, S Noble

  • 1Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

Drugs
|August 10, 1999
PubMed
Summary

A new oral bivalent vaccine combining Vibrio cholerae (CVD 103-HgR) and Salmonella typhi (Ty21a) shows strong immunogenicity. This cholera and typhoid vaccine is safe and effective when co-administered with other common travel vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Development of oral vaccines against enteric pathogens is crucial for global health.
  • Live attenuated vaccines offer a promising approach for cholera and typhoid fever prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a combined oral bivalent vaccine of Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR and Salmonella typhi Ty21a.
  • To assess the impact of co-administration with other vaccines and antimalarial drugs on the bivalent vaccine's immunogenicity.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy European volunteers received a schedule including the bivalent CVD 103-HgR/Ty21a vaccine.
  • Serological assays measured antibody responses to both vaccine strains.
  • Interactions with mefloquine, chloroquine, proguanil, yellow fever vaccine, and oral polio vaccine were investigated.

Main Results:

  • High seroconversion rates were observed for both Inaba vibriocidal antibodies (87-94%) and anti-S. typhi lipopolysaccharide antibodies (72-91%).
  • Concomitant administration with mefloquine, yellow fever vaccine, or oral polio vaccine did not compromise immunogenicity.
  • Chloroquine and proguanil showed potential to reduce the immunogenicity of specific vaccine components.

Conclusions:

  • The bivalent CVD 103-HgR/Ty21a oral vaccine is immunogenic and safe.
  • It can be administered concurrently with several common travel vaccines without adverse effects on immune response.
  • Potential interactions with certain antimalarials warrant consideration during vaccine use.

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