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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Analyzing the Movement of the Nauplius 'Artemia salina' by Optical Tracking of Plasmonic Nanoparticles

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Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete.

M Strous¹, J A Fuerst, E H Kramer

¹Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.

|August 10, 1999

Summary

Scientists discovered a novel bacterium responsible for anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox), a key wastewater treatment process. This finding addresses the long-standing challenge of unculturable microorganisms in environmental science.

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Area of Science:

Environmental microbiology
Wastewater treatment technologies
Biotechnology

Background:

Increased agricultural fertilizer use leads to significant ammonia emissions, causing environmental issues in populated regions.
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) is an innovative wastewater treatment process converting ammonia and nitrite to dinitrogen gas.
Bacteria performing anaerobic ammonia oxidation were previously undiscovered, termed "lithotrophs missing from nature".

Purpose of the Study:

To report the discovery and identification of the bacterium responsible for anaerobic ammonia oxidation.
To characterize this newly identified microorganism and its unique biological properties.

Main Methods:

Isolation and identification of a novel bacterium from wastewater.
Phylogenetic analysis placing the bacterium within the Planctomycetales order.
Observation of slow growth rates and challenges in conventional cultivation.

Main Results:

Discovery of a new, autotrophic bacterium belonging to the Planctomycetales order.
Identification of this bacterium as the causative agent of anaerobic ammonia oxidation.
Confirmation of extremely slow growth (14-day doubling time) and resistance to conventional cultivation.

Conclusions:

The identification of this previously unknown planctomycete resolves the mystery of the "missing lithotrophs".
This discovery is a significant contribution to understanding unculturable bacteria and advancing wastewater treatment.
The findings have implications for bioremediation and the broader field of microbial ecology.