Glycine-extended gastrin regulates HEK cell growth

Posttranslational processing of progastrin to a carboxy terminally amidated form (G-NH(2)) is essential for its effect on gastric acid secretion and other biological effects mediated by gastrin/CCK-B receptors. The immediate biosynthetic precursor of G-NH(2), glycine-extended gastrin (G-Gly), does not stimulate gastric acid secretion at physiological concentrations but is found in high concentrations during development. G-NH(2) and G-Gly have potent growth stimulatory effects on gastrointestinal tissues, and G-NH(2) can stimulate proliferation of human kidney cells. Thus we sought to explore the actions of G-NH(2) and G-Gly on the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK 293. HEK 293 cells showed specific binding sites for (125)I-labeled Leu(15)-G17-NH(2) and (125)I-Leu(15)-G(2-17)-Gly. Both G-NH(2) and G-Gly induced a dose-dependent increase in [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, and both peptides together significantly increased [(3)H]thymidine incorporation above the level of either peptide alone. G-NH(2) and G-Gly were detected by radioimmunoassay in serum-free conditioned media. Antibodies directed against G-NH(2) and G-Gly lead to a significant reduction in [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. G-NH(2) but not G-Gly increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. We conclude that G-NH(2) and G-Gly act cooperatively via distinct receptors to stimulate the growth of a nongastrointestinal cell line (HEK 293) in an autocrine fashion.