Multiple components of ipsilaterally evoked inhibition in the inferior colliculus

The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICc) receives a large number of convergent inputs that are both excitatory and inhibitory. Although excitatory inputs typically are evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear, inhibitory inputs can be recruited by either ear. Here we evaluate ipsilaterally evoked inhibition in single ICc cells in awake Mexican free-tailed bats. The principal question we addressed concerns the degree to which ipsilateral inhibition at the ICc suppresses contralaterally evoked discharges and thus creates the excitatory-inhibitory (EI) properties of ICc neurons. To study ipsilaterally evoked inhibition, we iontophoretically applied excitatory neurotransmitters and visualized the ipsilateral inhibition as a gap in the carpet of background activity evoked by the transmitters. Ipsilateral inhibition was seen in 86% of ICc cells. The inhibition in most cells had both glycinergic and GABAergic components that could be blocked by the iontophoretic application of bicuculline and strychnine. In 80% of the cells that were inhibited, the ipsilateral inhibition and contralateral excitation were temporally coincident. In many of these cells, the ipsilateral inhibition suppressed contralateral discharges and thus generated the cell's EI property in the ICc. In other cells, the ipsilateral inhibition was coincident with the initial portion of the excitation, but the inhibition was only 2-4 ms in duration and suppressed only the first few contralaterally evoked discharges. The suppression was so slight that it often could not be detected as a decrease in the spike count generated by increasing ipsilateral intensities. Twenty percent of the cells that expressed inhibition, however, had inhibitory latencies that were longer than the excitatory latencies. In these neurons, the inhibition arrived too late to suppress most or any of the discharges. Finally, in the majority of cells, the ipsilateral inhibition persisted for tens of milliseconds beyond the duration of the signal that evoked it. Thus ipsilateral inhibition has multiple components and one or more of these components are typically evoked in ICc neurons by sound received at the ipsilateral ear.