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Olfactory dysfunction in head injured workers.

T Ogawa1, J Rutka

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica. Supplementum
|August 13, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Olfactory dysfunction is common after head injuries in workers, affecting 13.7%. Severity of injury, loss of consciousness, and skull fractures significantly increase the risk of smell loss.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction after trauma is recognized and compensable in occupational settings.
  • Risk factors and incidence in occupationally head-injured workers remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction in head-injured workers.
  • To associate olfactory dysfunction with head injury severity, mechanism, and neurotological abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 365 consecutive head-injured workers (1993-1997) was assessed.
  • Olfactory function, head injury severity (Grades II-V), loss of consciousness, and skull fractures were evaluated.
  • Neurotological abnormalities, including cochleovestibular dysfunction, were assessed.

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Main Results:

  • Olfactory dysfunction occurred in 13.7% (9.3% anosmia, 4.4% hyposmia/dysosmia).
  • Increased risk was linked to loss of consciousness > 1 hour, severe head injuries, and skull fractures.
  • Frontal, occipital, skull base, and midface fractures were more likely to cause olfactory changes than temporal/parietal fractures.
  • Cochleovestibular dysfunction was present in 21.9% of workers.

Conclusions:

  • Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction is a significant finding in occupationally head-injured workers.
  • Head injury severity and specific fracture locations are key risk factors.
  • Olfactory dysfunction incidence is comparable to other neurotological issues like benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV).