Identification and characterization of P(1), P(7)-Di(adenosine-5')-heptaphosphate from human platelets

Diadenosine pentaphosphate and diadenosine hexaphosphate have been isolated in human platelets and have been postulated to play an important role in the control of vascular tone. Here we describe the isolation and identification of diadenosine heptaphosphate from human platelets. Dinucleoside polyphosphates were concentrated by affinity chromatography from a nucleotide-containing fraction from deproteinated human platelets. Dinucleoside polyphosphates were purified by anion-exchange and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography to homogeneity. Analysis of one of these fractions with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry revealed a molecular mass of 1076.4 (1077.4 = [M + H](+)) Da. UV spectroscopic analysis of this fraction showed the spectrum of an adenosine derivative. Comparison of the postsource decay matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrum of the fraction minus that of diadenosine heptaphosphate (Ap(7)A) demonstrated that the isolated substance was identical to Ap(7)A. The identity of the retention times of the authentic and the isolated compound confirmed this result. Enzymatic analysis demonstrated an interconnection of the phosphate groups with the adenosines in the 5'-positions of the riboses. With thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, Ap(7)A is released from the platelets into the extracellular space. The vasoconstrictive action of Ap(7)A on the vasculature of the isolated perfused rat kidney Ap(7)A was slightly less than that of Ap(6)A. The threshold of the vasoconstrictive action of Ap(7)A was 10(-5) mol/liter. The vasoconstrictive effect was abolished by suramin and pyridoxal phosphate 6-azophenyl-2', 4'-disulfonic acid, suggesting an activation of P(2x) receptors. Furthermore, Ap(7)A inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Thus, the potent vasoconstrictor Ap(7)A derived from human platelets, like other diadenosine polyphosphates, may play a role in the regulation of vascular tone and hemostasis.