Mitochondrial medicine--recent advances
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Updated: Oct 19, 2026

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
Published on: August 15, 2025
C Graff1, D A Clayton, N G Larsson
1Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract:
Mitochondria contain the respiratory chain enzyme complexes that carry out oxidative phosphorylation and produce the main part of cellular energy in the form of ATP. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes essential subunits of the respiratory chain and is thus critical for maintaining cellular energy production. The first pathogenic mtDNA mutations were reported in 1988, and today more than 50 disease-causing mtDNA mutations have been identified. In addition, mtDNA mutations have been implicated in ageing and in common disorders such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure and Parkinson's disease. This review will summarize recent advances in the rapidly expanding field of mitochondrial medicine.
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