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EMG activity of the orbicularis oris and mentalis muscles in children with malocclusion, incompetent lips and

D O Tosello1, M Vitti, F Berzin

  • 1Department of Morphology, Faculty of Odontology, Caminas University, Piracicaba S.P., Brazil.

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Summary

Children with incompetent lips and malocclusion exhibit distinct muscle activity patterns during lip movements. These findings highlight differences in orofacial muscle function in children with specific dental and lip conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Orofacial Myology
  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Understanding the electromyographic (EMG) activity of facial muscles is crucial for diagnosing and treating orofacial dysfunctions.
  • Class II division 1 malocclusion and incompetent lips are common conditions in children that can affect oral functions.
  • Limited research exists on the specific EMG patterns of lip muscles in children with these conditions during various functional tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the EMG activity of the orbicularis oris and mentalis muscles during specific lip movements in children with normal occlusion versus those with Class II division 1 malocclusion and/or incompetent lips.
  • To investigate the influence of lip competence and malocclusion on muscle activation patterns during functional tasks like blowing, puffing cheeks, pursing lips, and lip compression.

Main Methods:

  • Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the activity of the upper and lower orbicularis oris and mentalis muscles.
  • Eighteen children aged 8-12 years were divided into three groups: normal occlusion, Class II division 1 with atypical swallowing/incompetent lips (untreated).
  • EMG data was collected during standardized lip movements: blowing through a straw, puffing cheeks, pursing lips, lip compression against teeth, and reciprocal lip compression.

Main Results:

  • Children with incompetent lips showed significantly greater orbicularis oris and mentalis activity during straw blowing compared to other groups.
  • Malocclusion groups exhibited marked orbicularis oris and very marked mentalis activity when puffing cheeks, contrasting with moderate and negligible activity in normal occlusion.
  • Specific muscle hyperactivity was noted in the incompetent lips group during pursing (lower orbicularis oris) and in malocclusion groups during lip compression (upper orbicularis oris).

Conclusions:

  • Incompetent lips and Class II division 1 malocclusion are associated with altered EMG activity in the orbicularis oris and mentalis muscles during various functional tasks.
  • These findings suggest that orofacial muscle function differs significantly between children with normal occlusion and those with specific malocclusion and lip conditions.
  • The study underscores the importance of assessing lip competence and muscle activity in the management of pediatric dental and speech-related issues.