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Specialization of left auditory cortex for speech perception in man depends on temporal coding.

C Liégeois-Chauvel1, J B de Graaf, V Laguitton

  • 1INSERM CJF 9706. Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie et Neuropsycologie, Marseille, France. liegeois@arles.timone.univ-mrs.fr

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|August 18, 1999
PubMed
Summary

The human auditory cortex processes speech sounds using temporal coding, primarily in the left Heschl's gyrus (HG). This mechanism handles both speech and non-speech sounds, and its dysfunction may link to language disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Speech Processing

Background:

  • Speech perception relies on the auditory cortex's ability to analyze rapid spectral changes.
  • Temporal processing of acoustic cues, like voice onset time (VOT), is crucial for distinguishing speech sounds.
  • The human auditory cortex, including Heschl's gyrus (HG), planum temporale (PT), and area 22, is involved in analyzing temporal aspects of sound.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal processing of speech sounds in the human auditory cortex.
  • To determine the lateralization of temporal speech processing, particularly concerning voice onset time (VOT).
  • To explore whether the observed temporal processing is specific to speech or a more general auditory mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded intracerebral evoked potentials in response to voiced and voiceless syllables (/ba/, /da/, /ga/ vs. /pa/, /ta/, /ka/).

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  • Examined responses in the human auditory cortex, including Heschl's gyrus (HG), planum temporale (PT), and area 22.
  • Utilized non-verbal sounds with similar temporal structures to speech syllables to test generality.

    • Main Results:

    • Voiced and voiceless syllable processing differed significantly in the left HG and PT, but not in the right.
    • Sequential processing of syllable components was evident in evoked potentials from the left HG and, to a lesser extent, PT.
    • Temporal processing mechanisms were also activated by non-verbal sounds mimicking syllable temporal structures.
    • No significant differences in responses to voiced versus voiceless syllables were found in area 22.

    Conclusions:

    • A general temporal processing mechanism in the auditory cortex, particularly prominent in the left HG, underlies the processing of both verbal and non-verbal stimuli.
    • This mechanism is lateralized to the left HG in humans, unlike in animals where it is bilateral.
    • Impairments in this auditory temporal coding may contribute to language and hearing discrimination disorders.