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Related Concept Videos

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin

Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation.  In gated transport, folded...
Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses
07:42

Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses

Published on: July 13, 2016

[Identification of signals and mechanisms of sorting of plasma membrane proteins in intestinal epithelial cells].

L Breuza1, L Monlauzeur, J P Arsanto

  • 1Laboratoire de Génetique et Physiologie du Développement, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Marseille.

Journal De La Societe De Biologie
|August 18, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Investigating epithelial cell polarity, this study reveals mechanisms for apical protein sorting. It highlights the roles of caveolin 2 in microdomain recruitment and syntaxin 3 in apical exocytosis, crucial for specialized cell function.

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The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analysis and Imaging
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Immuno-fluorescent Labeling of Microtubules and Centrosomal Proteins in Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue and 3D In Vitro Intestinal Organoids

Published on: December 13, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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07:42

Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses

Published on: July 13, 2016

The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analysis and Imaging
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The C. elegans Intestine As a Model for Intercellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis at the Single-cell Level: Labeling by Antibody Staining, RNAi Loss-of-function Analysis and Imaging

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Immuno-fluorescent Labeling of Microtubules and Centrosomal Proteins in Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue and 3D In Vitro Intestinal Organoids
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Immuno-fluorescent Labeling of Microtubules and Centrosomal Proteins in Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue and 3D In Vitro Intestinal Organoids

Published on: December 13, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Context:

  • Epithelial cells exhibit distinct apical and basolateral membrane domains essential for specialized functions like nutrient uptake and cell adhesion.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain these polarized domains is fundamental to cell biology.
  • The Caco-2 intestinal cell line serves as a model to study protein transport and sorting in polarized epithelial cells.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying the creation and maintenance of specialized plasma membrane domains in epithelial cells.
  • To elucidate the roles of specific proteins, including caveolins and t-SNAREs, in apical protein sorting and exocytosis.
  • To analyze the transport and sorting of the human neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR) and sucrase isomaltase (SI) in Caco-2 cells.

Summary:

  • The study examined the apical sorting of p75 NTR and SI in Caco-2 cells, identifying membrane anchors and O-glycosylation as key for apical localization of p75 NTR.
  • Expression of caveolin 1 induced caveolae formation, while caveolin 2, localized to the Golgi, enhanced sucrase isomaltase incorporation into apical microdomains.
  • Syntaxin 3 was identified as crucial for apical exocytosis, forming a complex with SNAP23 and mediating the fusion of apical transport vesicles.

Impact:

  • This research provides insights into the molecular machinery governing epithelial cell polarity and protein sorting.
  • Identifies novel roles for caveolin 2 in apical pathway recruitment and syntaxin 3 in apical vesicle targeting.
  • Contributes to the understanding of how specialized membrane domains are formed and maintained, impacting cellular function and disease.