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HIV prevalence at reception into Australian prisons, 1991-1997.

A M McDonald¹, J W Ryan, P R Brown

¹National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, NSW. amcdonald@nchecr.unsw.edu.au

The Medical Journal of Australia

|August 19, 1999

Summary

HIV antibody testing in Australian prisons was high from 1991-1997, with a low prevalence of HIV infection. However, testing rates declined nationally, with significant regional variations observed.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Infectious Disease Surveillance

Background:

HIV infection remains a significant public health concern, particularly within correctional facilities.
Understanding HIV testing patterns and prevalence in prisons is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the extent and outcomes of HIV antibody testing among individuals entering Australian prisons between 1991 and 1997.
To determine the prevalence of diagnosed HIV infection in this population.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on individuals upon reception into Australian prisons.
Data collected included the number of individuals tested for HIV and the prevalence of diagnosed HIV infection.

Main Results:

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From 1991-1997, 72% of Australian prison entrants were tested for HIV, with a national decline from 76% to 67%.
Significant regional disparities in testing rates were observed, with some states showing increases while others decreased.
The overall prevalence of HIV infection was 0.2%, with 36% of diagnoses being new upon prison reception.

Conclusions:

A national HIV monitoring system revealed generally high testing rates and low HIV prevalence in Australian prisons during 1991-1997.
The continued diagnosis of HIV infection in newly admitted prisoners highlights ongoing transmission within the broader community.