Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Classification01:18

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Classification

Adrenergic agonists can be classified based on their therapeutic uses and mechanisms of action. They serve various purposes in clinical applications.
Vasopressor or pressor agents: They increase blood pressure and function as cardiac stimulants. Examples include endogenous catecholamines (norepinephrine and dopamine) and synthetic agents (phenylephrine).
Bronchodilators: β2-agonists can relax bronchial muscles and widen airways. They are commonly used for treating obstructive pulmonary...
Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and anaphylaxis:...
Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists

Bronchodilators are critical in managing asthma, a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway constriction due to inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Specifically, bronchodilators ease this constriction by relaxing the bronchial muscles, facilitating easier breathing.
One class of bronchodilators includes β2-adrenoceptor agonists. These agents target the β2-adrenoceptors located on bronchial smooth muscle cells. By stimulating these receptors, β2-agonists induce relaxation in these...
Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Degenerate Two-Photon Rydberg Atom Voltage Reference.

AVS quantum science·2024
Same author

Hypodermic Injections in the Treatment of Syphilis.

Chicago medical examiner·2023
Same author

Radio-Pathomic Maps of Cell Density Identify Brain Tumor Invasion beyond Traditional MRI-Defined Margins.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2022
Same author

Sustainability in Dentistry: A Multifaceted Approach Needed.

Journal of dental research·2020
Same author

How to dig deeper? Improved enrichment methods for mucin core-1 type glycopeptides.

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP·2012
Same author

Observing signs of pain in relation to self-injurious behaviour among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR·2011
Same journal

Corrigendum.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same journal

Comparative Efficacy of Biologic Agents for Severe Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same journal

Tamoxifen-driven neutrophil reprogramming protects from pulmonary Granulibacter bethesdensis infection in chronic granulomatous disease.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same journal

Clinical and transcriptomic characterization of mixed granulocytic COPD phenotype.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same journal

Dupilumab outcomes in pediatric asthma by early eosinophil status: post hoc analysis of VOYAGE/EXCURSION.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same journal

Maternal antibiotic exposure alters the newborn metabolomic profile and increases the risk of respiratory infections in offspring: a 13-year longitudinal birth cohort study.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 5, 2010

Bronchoconstrictor additives in bronchodilator solutions.

M J Asmus1, J Sherman, L Hendeles

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0486, USA.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|August 19, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preservatives like sulfites and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in nebulized bronchodilators can cause bronchospasm. Additive-free sterile solutions are recommended for frequent albuterol nebulization to avoid adverse respiratory effects.

More Related Videos

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
11:47

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield

Published on: March 25, 2014

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
14:39

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 5, 2010

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
11:47

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield

Published on: March 25, 2014

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
09:36

Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device

Published on: September 24, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Drug Formulation

Background:

  • Nebulized bronchodilators are critical for managing respiratory conditions.
  • Nonsterile bronchodilator solutions often contain preservatives such as sulfites, benzalkonium chloride (BAC), or chlorobutanol to inhibit microbial growth.
  • These preservatives, with the exception of chlorobutanol, can induce bronchospasm, and some products may be contaminated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of additives in nebulized bronchodilator solutions on patient outcomes.
  • To identify specific product formulations that may exacerbate bronchospasm.
  • To provide recommendations for the optimal use of nebulized bronchodilators based on their formulation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of nebulized bronchodilator formulations available in the United States.
  • Review of existing literature on the effects of preservatives like sulfites, BAC, and EDTA on respiratory function.
  • Assessment of preservative concentrations in different albuterol delivery systems (multidose dropper bottles, unit-dose vials).

Main Results:

  • Nonsterile bronchodilators with sulfites or BAC can cause significant bronchospasm, particularly in patients with asthma.
  • The concentration of BAC in screwcap unit-dose albuterol vials (300 microg/dose) exceeds the threshold for bronchoconstriction in many patients.
  • Additive-free sterile albuterol solutions are recommended for continuous or hourly nebulization; multidose or Dey products are suitable for less frequent use, while screwcap products should be avoided in acute settings.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of nebulized bronchodilator formulation is critical for patient safety and treatment efficacy.
  • Additive-free sterile unit-dose vials are the preferred option for frequent albuterol nebulization.
  • Healthcare providers should be aware of the potential for preservative-induced bronchospasm and select formulations accordingly.