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Stem cell factor is localized in, released from, and cleaved by human mast cells.

A de Paulis1, G Minopoli, E Arbustini

  • 1Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|August 24, 1999
PubMed
Summary

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Stem cell factor (SCF) is stored in human mast cells and released upon immune challenge. Cleavage of SCF by chymase generates a biologically active form that influences mast cell function.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Stem cell factor (SCF) is a key regulator of human mast cell growth and function.
  • Mast cells play crucial roles in allergic responses and immune modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the storage, release, and functional activity of stem cell factor (SCF) in human mast cells.
  • To identify the specific cleavage products of SCF and their effects on mast cells.

Main Methods:

  • Immunogold labeling to detect SCF localization in mast cells.
  • Challenge assays with anti-IgE to measure SCF and histamine release.
  • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) for SCF cleavage analysis.
  • Western blot to confirm SCF cleavage products.

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Main Results:

  • SCF is stored in secretory granules of human mast cells and released upon immune activation.
  • SCF release is rapid, with a subsequent decline, distinct from histamine release kinetics.
  • Recombinant SCF1-166 is cleaved by chymase to SCF1-159, which retains biological activity on mast cells.
  • Other proteases also cleave SCF into various species with yet unknown functions.

Conclusions:

  • Human mast cells store and immunologically release stem cell factor (SCF).
  • Chymase-mediated cleavage of SCF to SCF1-159 preserves its mast cell-activating and chemotactic properties.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the biological roles of other SCF cleavage products.