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Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
A technique for three-dimensional cephalometric analysis as an aid in evaluating changes in the craniofacial skeleton
C L Haffner1, J E Pessa, V P Zadoo
1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA.
Abstract:
A technique is presented for creating a standardized view for use in three-dimensional cephalometry. Three-dimensional cephalometric analysis has become a valuable tool in the assessment of skeletal remodeling, contour changes, and changes in proportion that occur with aging. Computer-assisted tomographic data can be used in either coronal or axial sections; the present study was performed with axially acquired data that was processed in several steps to achieve a standardized position of the facial skeleton for further evaluation. This technique may be a useful adjunct to standard cephalometrics to evaluate the craniofacial skeleton.
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