Echocardiography in infective endocarditis

Echocardiographic demonstration of valvular infection now ranks with positive blood cultures as one of the two major clinical criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE), according to new, more accurate guidelines for diagnosis. Because early detection of IE and its complications is essential for determining whether to pursue medical therapy or to intervene surgically, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is an essential part of the initial examination of patients with suspected IE.

Using MEDLINE, we searched and reviewed all articles with the key words infective endocarditis and transesophageal echocardiography.

With its superior imaging, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has proven to be more sensitive than TTE for the diagnosis of IE as well as in the detection of IE-associated complications.

While superior in predicting which patients with IE have perivalvular abscess or prosthetic valve dysfunction and which are most susceptible to systemic embolism, TEE is more invasive and must be used selectively.