Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 26, 2026
19:53
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Third cranial nerve palsy in children.
L A Schumacher-Feero1, K W Yoo, F M Solari
1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
American Journal of Ophthalmology
|August 24, 1999
Summary
Pediatric oculomotor (third cranial nerve) palsy often requires surgery for cosmetic alignment, though restoring binocular function is challenging. Amblyopia treatment helps maintain existing visual acuity but rarely improves it.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Neurology
Background:
- Oculomotor (third cranial nerve) palsy affects eye movement and can lead to cosmetic and functional deficits in children.
- Congenital and acquired causes contribute to the incidence of third cranial nerve palsy in pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the etiologies of third cranial nerve palsy in children.
- To evaluate the sensory, motor, and cosmetic outcomes following treatment for pediatric oculomotor nerve palsy.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of clinical records for children diagnosed with third cranial nerve palsy.
- Follow-up data collected from a university-based pediatric ophthalmology practice spanning 1981-1996.
Main Results:
- Partial palsy occurred in 31 children and complete palsy in 18; congenital and trauma were key causes.
- Strabismus surgery significantly improved ocular alignment, with multiple procedures often necessary.
- While cosmetic results were often acceptable, restoration of binocular function and measurable visual acuity improvement were limited.
Conclusions:
- Surgical intervention is frequently required for pediatric third cranial nerve palsy, particularly complete cases.
- Maintaining ocular alignment necessitates multiple strabismus procedures.
- Cosmetic alignment is achievable, but functional recovery, including binocular vision and visual acuity, remains a significant challenge.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy
The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
01:14Cranial Nerves: Types Part I
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
01:22Cranial Nerves: Types Part II
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
01:22Spinal Nerves: Plexus I
Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
01:18Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division
The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
01:17Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...