Circadian variation of granulocyte colony stimulating factor levels in man

Glucocorticoids dose-dependently increase plasma levels of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Based on the marked circadian rhythm of cortisol levels, we hypothesized that plasma levels of G-CSF may also show a diurnal rhythm. A prospective study was conducted in 12 healthy young volunteers. Blood samples were obtained every 2 h over 24 h. G-CSF levels averaged 18.0 ng/l (CI 13. 1-22.9) at 8.00 am, increased continuously and reached peak values at 10.00 p.m. Individual harmonic regression analysis showed a clear circadian rhythm. The individual differences between nadir and peak levels averaged 54% (CI 43-65%). This pronounced diurnal rhythm of G-CSF levels may help understand the circadian changes in circulating stem cells, bone marrow DNA synthesis, or bone marrow toxicity induced by some chemotherapeutic agents.