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Angiostrongylus cantonensis eosinophilic meningitis
1Straub Clinic and Hospital, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
Summary
Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a parasitic nematode, causes eosinophilic meningitis in humans. While most recover, severe infections can be fatal, and no definitive treatment exists.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Neurology
Background:
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis.
- This parasite has expanded its geographic range globally over the last 50 years.
- Human infection occurs through ingestion of raw or undercooked intermediate hosts like snails and slugs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection.
- To highlight the diagnostic challenges and lack of specific treatments.
- To discuss the potential benefits of corticosteroids in managing severe cases.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical cases and epidemiological data related to Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
- Analysis of clinical presentations, including neurological symptoms and laboratory findings.
- Evaluation of treatment outcomes, particularly the use of corticosteroids.
Main Results:
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis infections have spread globally, primarily via infected rats.
- Larval migration to the central nervous system causes eosinophilic meningitis with symptoms like severe headache, vomiting, and neurological deficits.
- While most infections resolve, severe cases can lead to chronic disability or death.
Conclusions:
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis poses a significant public health threat due to its expanding range and potential for severe neurological disease.
- Early diagnosis and supportive care are crucial, though no definitive treatment is established.
- Corticosteroids may alleviate symptoms and reduce intracranial pressure in severe infections.