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Plastids and protein targeting.

G I McFadden1

  • 1Plant Cell Biology Research Centre, School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia. g.mcfadden@botany.unimelb.edu.au

The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
|August 26, 1999
PubMed
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Secondary endosymbiosis created diverse plastids in eukaryotes. Gene transfer and protein targeting evolved convergently, recycling existing mechanisms for organelle function.

Area of Science:

  • Eukaryotic cell biology
  • Endosymbiosis research
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Plastids, organelles responsible for photosynthesis, originate from endosymbiosis.
  • Primary endosymbiosis involves engulfment of a cyanobacterium, creating two-membraned plastids.
  • Secondary endosymbiosis involves engulfment of a eukaryotic alga, resulting in plastids with more than two membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origins and mechanisms of plastid acquisition through secondary endosymbiosis.
  • To understand the role of gene transfer and protein targeting in the establishment of secondary plastids.
  • To explore the convergence of protein targeting mechanisms across different secondary plastid lineages.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gene sequences and protein targeting signals.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Phylogenetic inference of gene transfer events.
  • Examination of protein trafficking pathways in diverse eukaryotic organisms with secondary plastids.

    • Main Results:

    • Secondary endosymbiosis has occurred multiple times, generating diverse plastid-containing lineages.
    • Gene transfer from endosymbiont to host nucleus is extensive, often leading to loss of the endosymbiont nucleus.
    • Protein targeting across multiple membranes in secondary plastids evolved convergently, reusing existing trafficking machinery.

    Conclusions:

    • Secondary plastids are a significant source of eukaryotic biodiversity.
    • Convergent evolution of protein targeting mechanisms was crucial for successful secondary endosymbiosis.
    • The history of gene transfer and intracellular trafficking is recapitulated in the targeting pathways of secondary plastids.