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Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c
07:42

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c

Published on: June 29, 2011

A role of cyclin G in the process of apoptosis

K Okamoto1, C Prives

  • 1Columbia University, Department of Biological Sciences, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Oncogene
|September 1, 1999
PubMed

Insights

Cyclin G facilitates apoptosis, a programmed cell death process, across various cell types and stimuli. This protein

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cyclin G is a target gene of the p53 tumor suppressor protein.
  • Cyclin G levels increase following p53 induction by DNA damage.
  • The precise function of Cyclin G has remained largely unelucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional role of Cyclin G in cellular processes.
  • To determine the effects of increased Cyclin G expression on apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retroviral vectors were engineered to overexpress Cyclin G in murine cell lines.
  • Cyclin G protein levels were confirmed to be within physiological ranges post-induction.
  • Apoptosis was assessed in response to various stimuli, including TNF-alpha, retinoic acid, serum starvation, and Bone Morphogenic Protein-4 (BMP-4).

Main Results:

  • Overexpression of Cyclin G augmented the apoptotic process in all tested cell lines.
  • Cyclin G enhanced TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in both p53-expressing and p53-deficient cells.
  • Cyclin G overexpression increased apoptosis in aggregated P19 cells and potentiated apoptosis induced by retinoic acid or serum starvation.
  • Cyclin G expression was rapidly induced by BMP-4 in P19 cells, suggesting a role in BMP-4 signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Cyclin G plays a facilitating role in modulating apoptosis induced by diverse stimuli.
  • Cyclin G may mediate apoptotic signals triggered by Bone Morphogenic Protein-4 (BMP-4).

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