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Mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte dispositions of clarithromycin and azithromycin in AIDS patients
1Department of Pharmacy Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut 06102, USA.
Abstract:
The intracellular dispositions of clarithromycin and azithromycin in AIDS patients requiring Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis were studied. The dispositions of both drugs in mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were markedly different. Our data support the proven efficacy of these agents for MAC prophylaxis since clarithromycin and azithromycin displayed sustained intracellular concentrations which exceeded their MICs for MAC throughout the dosing periods.
Insights
This study examined clarithromycin and azithromycin concentrations in immune cells of AIDS patients. Both antibiotics maintained high levels in cells, supporting their effectiveness for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is an opportunistic infection in AIDS patients.
- Prophylaxis is crucial to prevent MAC dissemination in immunocompromised individuals.
- Clarithromycin and azithromycin are key agents for MAC prophylaxis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the intracellular disposition of clarithromycin and azithromycin.
- To compare drug concentrations in different leukocyte types in AIDS patients.
- To correlate intracellular drug levels with efficacy for MAC prophylaxis.
Main Methods:
- Studied intracellular drug concentrations of clarithromycin and azithromycin.
- Analyzed drug levels in mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
- Measured drug concentrations in AIDS patients undergoing MAC prophylaxis.
Main Results:
- Significant differences observed in the intracellular disposition of clarithromycin and azithromycin.
- Both drugs achieved sustained intracellular concentrations.
- Concentrations exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for MAC throughout dosing periods.
Conclusions:
- The distinct intracellular dispositions of clarithromycin and azithromycin were elucidated.
- Sustained intracellular drug levels support the clinical efficacy of these antibiotics for MAC prophylaxis.
- Findings reinforce the use of clarithromycin and azithromycin in AIDS patients at risk for MAC.