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Leucocyte activation markers in clinical practice.

J A Viedma Contreras1

  • 1Clinical Chemistry Department, Hospital General y Universitario de Elche, Spain. j-viedma.000@recol-es

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
|September 4, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Immune cell activation, including leukocyte activation, is crucial in tissue injury and infection responses. Understanding these processes aids in evaluating patient prognosis and infection susceptibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Inflammation and immune responses are initiated by molecular and cellular elements following tissue injury or infection.
  • Severe injury or infection can lead to imbalanced inflammation, characterized by leukocyte over-stimulation and dysregulated mediator release, contributing to complications.
  • Mediators released during inflammation can cause progressive tissue injury or immune dysfunction, increasing infection susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the immunopathophysiology of immune cell activation in response to tissue injury and infection.
  • To discuss laboratory methods for assessing immune cell activation.
  • To explore potential clinical applications of these assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and experimental studies on immune cell activation markers.
  • Discussion of methods for assessing leukocyte activation, including cell surface phenotype, mediator determination, and functional assays.
  • Exploration of laboratory techniques like flow cytometry and immunoassay systems.

Main Results:

  • Immune cell activation, particularly of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, plays a key role in the response to injury and infection.
  • Persistent pro-inflammatory mediators can cause tissue damage, while excessive anti-inflammatory mediators lead to immune dysfunction.
  • Current methods for assessing cellular activation are limited by automation and reagent costs, though flow cytometry and immunoassays offer potential for wider use.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding immune cell activation is vital for managing patients with tissue injury and infection.
  • Laboratory assessment of immune cell activation has potential clinical applications in evaluating critically ill patients, monitoring sepsis, and detecting tissue damage.
  • Advancements in automated systems are needed to facilitate broader clinical adoption of immune cell activation assays.

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