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Spatially Inhomogeneous Metal-Insulator Transition in Doped Manganites.

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¹Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Van der Waals-Zeeman Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Valckenierstraat 67, 1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. Joint Research Center for Atom Technology, 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0046, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 8, 1999

Summary

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy revealed phase separation in La(1-x)Ca(x)MnO(3) below the transition temperature. This suggests colossal magnetoresistance arises from percolating metallic ferromagnetic domains.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) materials, such as La(1-x)Ca(x)MnO(3), exhibit significant changes in electrical resistance under magnetic fields.
Understanding the nanoscale origins of CMR is crucial for developing advanced magnetic sensors and memory devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the spatial distribution and coexistence of insulating and metallic phases in La(1-x)Ca(x)MnO(3) with colossal magnetoresistance.
To elucidate the relationship between nanoscale phase separation and the macroscopic magnetoresistance effect.

Main Methods:

Utilized Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) to probe single crystals and thin films of La(1-x)Ca(x)MnO(3) (x ≈ 0.3).
Achieved nanoscale imaging (down to ~10 nm) by distinguishing spectroscopic signatures of insulating (paramagnetic) and metallic (ferromagnetic) phases.

Main Results:

Above the bulk transition temperature (T(c)), predominantly insulating behavior was observed.
Below T(c), significant phase separation occurred, with coexisting metallic and insulating regions.
The size and structure of these inhomogeneous regions were strongly dependent on applied magnetic fields.
Insulating regions persisted even far below T(c).

Conclusions:

The observed phase separation and its field dependence are key to understanding CMR in these materials.
The colossal magnetoresistance behavior is likely a consequence of the percolation of metallic ferromagnetic domains within an insulating matrix.
This nanoscale perspective provides critical insights into the complex electronic and magnetic properties of manganites.