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Plant-based diets and bone health: nutritional implications.
1Department of Nutrition, Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7400, USA. janderso@sph.unc.edu
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|September 9, 1999
Summary
Hip fracture rates are rising globally, particularly in Asia, due to longer lifespans and environmental shifts like urbanization. Key risk factors include poor nutrition, inactivity, and low estrogen exposure, contributing to osteoporosis.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Global hip fracture incidence is projected to surge, especially in developing regions, driven by increased longevity from public health advancements.
- Environmental factors such as westernization and urbanization are linked to declining bone mineral density and rising fracture rates, as observed in Hong Kong.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the projected increase in hip fracture incidence rates globally.
- To identify environmental and lifestyle factors contributing to hip fractures and osteoporosis.
Main Methods:
- Epidemiologic investigations and trend analysis of hip fracture incidence rates.
- Examination of risk factors including nutrition, physical activity, and hormonal exposure.
Main Results:
- Significant increases in hip fracture rates are anticipated in Asia, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East.
- Environmental changes (westernization, urbanization) correlate with decreased bone mineral density and increased fractures.
- Inadequate nutrition, limited physical activity, and low estrogen exposure are identified as major osteoporosis risk factors.
Conclusions:
- Public health successes leading to longer lifespans will drive higher hip fracture rates.
- Lifestyle and environmental modifications are crucial for mitigating the growing burden of hip fractures and osteoporosis worldwide.