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Panic disorder in children and adolescents
1Department of Developmental Neurology, Psychiatry and Educational Psychology, University of Pisa, Italy.
Panminerva Medica
|September 10, 1999
Summary
Panic disorder (PD) is often underdiagnosed in children and adolescents, potentially leading to significant developmental issues. This review examines PD in youth, suggesting improved diagnostic and management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Background:
- Panic disorder (PD) is a recognized psychiatric condition in adults, marked by sudden, intense fear and physical symptoms.
- While prevalent in adults, PD in prepubertal children and early adolescents is infrequently reported, despite 18% of adult PD patients reporting childhood onset.
- Underdiagnosis in youth may stem from differing clinical presentations and has serious implications for social and academic development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review existing clinical literature on panic disorder in children and adolescents.
- To explore the prevalence, unique clinical features, and comorbidities of PD in pediatric populations.
- To identify appropriate diagnostic tools and suggest management approaches for PD in young individuals.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of clinical literature focusing on panic disorder in pediatric populations.
- Analysis of studies reporting on prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and clinical manifestations of PD in children and adolescents.
- Examination of research on treatment modalities, including pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and educational interventions.
Main Results:
- Panic disorder in children and adolescents presents unique diagnostic challenges and may differ clinically from adult presentations.
- Evidence suggests a significant proportion of adult PD cases have childhood onset, highlighting the need for early identification.
- Current literature provides a basis for understanding prevalence, diagnostic specificity, and comorbidity in pediatric PD.
Conclusions:
- Early and accurate diagnosis of panic disorder in children and adolescents is crucial to prevent long-term functional impairment.
- Further research is needed to refine diagnostic instruments and understand the specific etiology and trajectory of PD in youth.
- Multimodal treatment strategies, including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and educational support, are recommended for managing pediatric panic disorder.