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Related Concept Videos

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve
09:13

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Published on: June 14, 2017

14-3-3 proteins: eukaryotic regulatory proteins with many functions.

C Finnie1, J Borch, D B Collinge

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Plant Molecular Biology
|September 10, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Plant 14-3-3 proteins regulate vital physiological processes by binding to target proteins. This review synthesizes recent plant research on 14-3-3 proteins and their binding motifs.

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Last Updated: Jul 28, 2026

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Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • 14-3-3 proteins are crucial regulators of diverse eukaryotic physiological processes.
  • In plants, they modulate key enzymes like plasma membrane H+-ATPase and nitrate reductase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings in plant 14-3-3 protein research.
  • To explore 14-3-3 binding motifs and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of known 14-3-3 binding motifs in plant targets.

Main Results:

  • 14-3-3 proteins bind to phosphorylated motifs on target proteins, affecting their activity or localization.
  • These proteins function as homo- or heterodimers, potentially bridging target proteins.

Conclusions:

  • 14-3-3 proteins play a significant role in plant physiology through diverse regulatory mechanisms.
  • Further research into plant 14-3-3 binding motifs is warranted to fully elucidate their functions.