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Related Experiment Videos

A capacitance standard based on counting electrons

Keller1, Eichenberger, Martinis

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 11, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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A new capacitance standard utilizes single-electron tunneling to precisely measure capacitance. This quantum-based method achieves high accuracy, offering a natural standard for capacitance measurements.

Area of Science:

  • Metrology
  • Quantum Electronics
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate capacitance standards are crucial for electrical metrology.
  • Existing standards may lack a direct link to fundamental physical constants.
  • Quantum phenomena offer potential for new, highly precise measurement standards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a capacitance standard based directly on the definition of capacitance.
  • To utilize single-electron tunneling for precise charge transfer.
  • To establish a quantum-based standard for capacitance.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a cryogenic capacitor.
  • Employed single-electron tunneling devices to transfer a known number of electrons (N) with elementary charge (e).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured the resulting voltage change (ΔV) to determine capacitance (C = Ne/ΔV).

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a relative standard deviation of 0.3 x 10⁻⁶ in repeated capacitance measurements.
    • Demonstrated a method for realizing capacitance based on fundamental charge and voltage measurements.
    • The developed standard shows high precision and reproducibility.

    Conclusions:

    • The single-electron tunneling method provides a natural basis for a capacitance standard.
    • This quantum standard is analogous to the Josephson effect for voltage and the quantum Hall effect for resistance.
    • This work advances the field of electrical metrology by offering a fundamental capacitance standard.