Effects of antheridial peptides derived from Chara on cell cycle-regulated processes in human and yeast cells

Previous experiments have shown that extracts obtained from maturing male sex organs of Chara tomentosa, containing a low molecular weight peptide (termed antheridial chromatin condensation factor--ACCF) are capable to induce structural and functional effects in root meristems and fern gametophytes. Our present data point to a number of resemblances between the phenotypic characters of antheridial filaments (a.f.) and the properties of ACCF-treated human lymphocytes and HeLa cells; these comprise primarily a number of morphological changes at the nuclear/chromosomal levels. Mitotic chromosomes become shortened and the relative duration of prophase is reduced, while duration of telophase is prolonged. Nucleolar profiles in ACCF-treated HeLa cells become reduced. Significant decrease in mitotic activity was found in human and yeast cells (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). All the above similarities between the "innate" processes within a.f. and those induced by ACCF provide positive evidence for the presence of a highly specific factor that contributes to nuclear re-patterning of cells undergoing morphogenetic transformations before the onset of spermiogenesis.