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Related Experiment Videos

Water and electrolyte shifts with partial fluid replacement during exercise.

B Sanders1, T D Noakes, S C Dennis

  • 1Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town Bioenergetics of Exercise Research Unit, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands.

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
|September 14, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Athletes replacing only half their fluid losses during endurance exercise may not benefit from sodium (Na+) replacement. Both water and saline intake maintained plasma volume, suggesting Na+ is not crucial when fluid intake is limited.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Nutrition
  • Fluid Balance

Background:

  • Athletes often replace less than 50% of fluid lost during endurance exercise.
  • The role of sodium (Na+) replacement in maintaining extracellular fluid volume under these conditions is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if Na+ replacement is beneficial for athletes who partially replace fluid losses during moderate-duration endurance exercise.
  • To examine the effects of water versus saline ingestion on body fluid shifts and physiological responses.

Main Methods:

  • Six male cyclists completed three 90-minute cycling sessions in a hot environment.
  • Ingestion conditions included no fluid (NF), water (W), or saline (S) providing 100 mmol NaCl/L.
  • Measurements included heart rate, plasma volume, and fluid/electrolyte losses.

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Main Results:

  • Both water and saline intake reduced heart rate and attenuated plasma volume loss compared to no fluid.
  • Plasma Na+ concentration increased in saline and no fluid trials but not in the water trial.
  • Fluid shifts indicated interstitial fluid contraction with water intake and movement from intracellular to interstitial fluid with saline intake.

Conclusions:

  • Water and saline were equally effective in maintaining plasma volume during exercise with limited fluid replacement.
  • Sodium ingestion may offer limited advantage to athletes who do not fully replace their fluid losses during endurance exercise.