Correlation between the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination and three methods of clock drawing scoring

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Neuropsychology
• Cognitive Assessment

Background:

• Cognitive impairment is a significant concern in the elderly population.
• Early detection of cognitive decline is crucial for timely intervention and management.
• The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a widely used cognitive screening tool, but alternative or complementary methods are valuable.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the correlation between the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and three different clock drawing scoring methods.
• To assess the inter-rater reliability and correlation among the three clock drawing scoring methods themselves.

Main Methods:

• A convenience sample of 150 community-dwelling seniors and clinic attendees (average age 76) participated.
• Participants underwent cognitive assessment using the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
• Three distinct scoring methods were applied to clock drawings completed by participants.

Main Results:

• A significant positive correlation was found between MMSE scores and two clock drawing scoring methods (R = .67, .618; P = .01).
• A significant negative correlation was observed between MMSE scores and a third clock drawing scoring method (R = -.498; P = .01).
• The three clock drawing scoring methods demonstrated good inter-correlation.

Conclusions:

• Clock drawing tests show a strong correlation with the MMSE, serving as a reliable cognitive screening tool for the elderly.
• Clock drawing is well-accepted by patients and easily administered by healthcare providers.
• Recommended as a minimum cognitive assessment for elderly patients in primary care to identify those needing further evaluation.