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Related Experiment Videos

Memory impairment in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.

A Aleman1, R Hijman, E H de Haan

  • 1Psychological Laboratory, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. a.aleman@fss.uu.nl

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|September 15, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia is linked to significant memory deficits in recall and recognition. This memory impairment is widespread and not significantly influenced by factors like medication or illness duration.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Memory impairment is a known characteristic of schizophrenia.
  • The precise nature and extent of these memory deficits require further clarification.
  • The influence of factors like medication and illness duration on memory impairment is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct meta-analyses on recall and recognition memory in schizophrenia patients compared to controls.
  • To determine the magnitude and pattern of memory impairment in schizophrenia.
  • To investigate potential moderator variables affecting memory performance.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of 70 studies examining long-term memory (recall, recognition) and short-term memory (digit span).

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  • Utilized categorical models to analyze moderators including clinical variables and study characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant and consistent association between schizophrenia and memory impairment was found.
    • Recall performance showed a large effect size for impairment, while recognition showed a smaller but significant impairment.
    • Memory impairment magnitude was not affected by age, medication, illness duration, patient status, or positive symptoms. Negative symptoms showed a minor but significant correlation.

    Conclusions:

    • Schizophrenia is associated with substantial and stable memory impairment.
    • The impairment affects various memory domains and is not significantly moderated by factors like illness severity or duration.